Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh

Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh là một trong những dạng bài tập trọng tâm thường xuất hiện trong các bài kiểm tra, bài thi sắp tới.

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Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện được biên soạn đầy đủ gồm 36 trang được trình bày khoa học, ngắn gọn mà xúc tích. Tài liệu gồm kiến thức lý thuyết, ví dụ minh họa cách dùng và các dạng bài tập viết lại câu có đáp án và tự luyện kèm theo. Đồng thời qua đó giúp các bạn có thể tự đánh giá lại kiến thức bản thân nắm được, với các đáp án chi tiết cụ thể cuối tài liệu. Bên cạnh đó các bạn xem thêm: bài tập viết lại câu thì hiện tại hoàn thành, bài tập phát âm và trọng âm trong tiếng Anh.

Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện trong tiếng Anh

I. Lý thuyết về câu điều kiện

a. Câu điều kiện loại 1

Khi đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1, ý nghĩa của câu sẽ thể hiện sự lịch sự, và trang nhã hơn, đặc biệt được dùng khi đưa ra lời yêu cầu hoặc nhờ vả đối phương. Câu điều kiện loại 1 được sử dụng để diễn tả một việc có thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

Cấu trúc:

	Câu điều kiện	Đảo ngữ
Cấu trúc	Động từ thường: If + S1 + V (thì hiện tại đơn), S2 + will/should/can … + V (nguyên mẫu)	Should + S1 + (not)+ V (hiện tại), S2 + will/should/can … + V (infinitive)
	Động từ to be: If + S1 + am/ is/ are (not) + adjective/ noun phrase, S2 + will/should/can … + V (nguyên mẫu)	Should + S1 + (not) + be + adjective/ noun phrase, S2 + will/should/can … + V (nguyên mẫu)
Ví dụ	If you decide to sell that book, I will be glad to buy it immediately. Dịch: Nếu bạn quyết định bán cuốn sách đó, tôi sẽ rất vui để mua nó ngay lập tức. If the government protects the tigers, they will not become extinct. Dịch: Nếu chính phủ bảo vệ loài hổ, chúng sẽ không bị tuyệt chủng. If you are late today, our teacher will get mad. Dịch: Nếu hôm nay bạn trễ học, giáo viên của chúng ta sẽ nổi giận.	=> Should you decide to sell that book, I will be glad to buy it immediately. => Should the government protect the tigers, they will not become extinct. => Should you be late today, our teacher will get mad.

b. Câu điều kiện loại 2

Khi đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2, ý nghĩa của câu sẽ đôi khi thể hiện sự tiếc nuối, và rất hữu ích khi người nói muốn đưa ra lời khuyên một cách lịch sự, làm giảm tính áp đặt. Câu điều kiện loại 2 thể hiện một việc không thể có thật ở hiện tại.

Cấu trúc:

	Câu điều kiện	Đảo ngữ
Cấu trúc	Động từ thường: If + S1 + V (thì quá khứ đơn), S2 + would/might/could … + V (nguyên mẫu)	Were + S1 + (not) + to V (nguyên mẫu), S2 + would/might/could … + V (nguyên mẫu)
	Động từ tobe: If + S1 + were (not), S2 + would/might/could … + V (nguyên mẫu) Lưu ý: nếu là to be thì chỉ dùng were	Were + S1 + (not) + O, S2 + would/might/could … + V (nguyên mẫu)
Ví dụ	If I were her, I would not work for that company. Dịch: Tôi sẽ không làm việc cho công ty đó, nếu tôi là cô ta. If it rained right now, it would be so good. Dịch: Nếu bây giờ trời mà mưa, thì tốt quá.	=> Were I her, I would not work for that company. => Were it to rain right now, it would be so good.

c. Câu điều kiện loại 3

Khi đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3, ý nghĩa của câu sẽ nhấn mạnh ý ở mệnh đề If. Câu điều kiện loại 3 thể hiện một việc không thể có thật ở quá khứ.

Cấu trúc:

	Câu điều kiện	Đảo ngữ
Cấu trúc	Động từ thường: If + S1 + had + past participle, S2 + would/might/could … + have + past participle.	Had + S1 + (not) + past participle, S2 + would/might/could … + have + past participle.
	Động từ to be: If + S1 + had (not) been + adj/Noun phrase, S2 + would/might/could … + V (nguyên mẫu)	Had + S1 + (not) + been + adj/Noun phrase, S2 + would/might/could … + have + past participle.
Ví dụ	If he hadn’t been busy yesterday, he would have come to the party. Dịch: Nếu hôm qua anh ấy không bận thì anh ấy đã đến dự tiệc rồi. If I hadn’t woken up late that morning, I wouldn’t have been late for school. Dịch: Nếu sáng hôm đó tôi không dậy trễ, thì tôi đã không đi học trễ.	=> Had he not been busy yesterday, he would have been come to the party => Had I not woken up late that morning, I wouldn’t have been late for school.

d. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

Khi đảo ngữ câu điều kiện hỗn hợp, ý nghĩa của câu sẽ nhấn mạnh sự tiếc nuối về một hành động trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả còn ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại. Thông thường, mệnh đề “if” giống câu điều kiện loại 3 và mệnh đề chính giống câu điều kiện loại 2.

Cấu trúc:

	Câu điều kiện	Đảo ngữ
Cấu trúc	If + S1 + had + past participle, S2 + would/might/could… + V (nguyên mẫu)	Had + S1 + (not) + past participle + O, S2 + would/might/could + V (nguyên mẫu)
Ví dụ	If Jane had done the revision carefully yesterday, she wouldn’t get a low mark now. Dịch: Nếu Jane đã ôn tập cẩn thận vào ngày hôm qua, thì bây giờ cô ấy sẽ không bị điểm thấp. → Mệnh đề if loại 3 (đảo ngữ) – mệnh đề chính loại 2.	=> Had Jane done the revision carefully yesterday, she wouldn’t get a low mark now.

e. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện

Đảo ngữ loại 1

Ví dụ: If you experience hardships, you will be more mature. → Should you experience hardships, you will be more mature.

Phân tích: Loại bỏ “If” Đảo “Should” lên trước chủ ngữ (S) trong vế điều kiện) Vẻ đẹp từ vựng: Experience hardships: nếm mùi gian khổ

→ GHI NHỚ

Cấu trúc: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại I

Should + S + V_inf, S + Will +V_inf

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại II

Ví dụ: If I were you, I would propose to her. → Were I you, I would propose to her.

Phân tích: Loại bỏ “If” Sử dụng “Were” đảo lên trước chủ ngữ (S) Vẻ đẹp ngôn ngữ: Propose to sb: cầu hôn ai đó = win one’s hand (win là “chiến thắng”, hand là “bàn tay”, trong cấu trúc này, “chiến thắng bàn tay của ai đó” nghĩa là chính phục được đôi bàn tay của bạn gái và đeo chiếc nhẫn vào tay của bạn gái đó. Chính là hành động cầu hôn đúng không nào các em. Các bạn nữ có đồng ý với lời cầu hôn từ bạn trai của mình trong một khung cảnh vô cùng lãng mạn không?

→ GHI NHỚ

Cấu trúc: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại II

Were + S + to + V_inf, S + would + V_inf

Were + S + N/ Adj, S + would + V_inf

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại III

Ví dụ: If he had proposed to me, I would have said “Yes”. → Had he proposed to me, I would have said “Yes”.

Phân tích: Loại bỏ “If” Đảo “had” lên trước chủ ngữ (S) trong vế điều kiện)

→ GHI NHỚ

Cấu trúc: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại III

Had + S + PII, S + would have + PII

II. Phân dạng bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện

1. Dạng chia động từ

Đây là dạng bài câu điều kiện đơn giản và dễ làm nhất, thông thường đề sẽ cho một vế đã chia sẵn động từ, bạn có dựa vào thì trong câu trước hoặc dịch nghĩa hoặc suy luận tùy vào độ khó dễ khác nhau.

Ví dụ: If I finished fixing the computer, I (will) continue playing the game.

→ Trong trường hợp này thì ta thấy động từ ở vế “if” ở thì quá khứ đơn nên động từ “will” cần được chia sẽ là “would” (quá khứ của từ will).

Như đã đề cập ở trên ngoài việc cho biết thì ở một vế thì sẽ có trường hợp đều trống cả 2 động từ 2 vế. Lúc này bạn cần phải dịch nghĩa của câu, nếu sự việc diễn tả những hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ thì ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 3. Trong trường hợp nghĩa của câu thể hiện một mong muốn, yêu cầu hoặc sự việc nào đó chắc chắn khó mà xảy ra được thì dùng loại 2, nếu có khả năng xảy ra thì dùng câu điều kiện loại 1.

Ví dụ: If she (attend) the party, she (meet) her idol.

→ Bởi vì cả 2 vế động từ đều cần được chia thì nên ta sẽ dịch nghĩa để xác định chính xác. Ở đây khi dịch nghĩa nó thể hiện một sự kiện ở quá khứ “Nếu cô ta tham dự bữa tiệc thì cô ta đã được gặp thần tượng của mình”. Sự việc ở quá khứ ta áp dụng cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 3

→ If she attended the party, she would have met her idol.

2. Dạng viết lại câu dùng if

Cách nhận dạng đó là người ta để các liên từ nối giữa 2 vế câu như: so, that’s why, because.

Những mẹo làm bài nhanh mà không cần hiểu nghĩa hoàn toàn:

+ Nếu cả 2 vế trong câu sử dụng liên từ đều chia ở thì tương lai đơn thì ta dùng cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 1 (chú ý không cần phủ định mệnh đề trong câu)

+ Nếu một vế thì hiện tại còn một vế ở thì tương lai hoặc hiện tại thì ta vẫn sử dung if loại 2 (chú ý lúc này ta cần phủ định lại mệnh đề trong câu)

+ Nếu 2 vế có một thì quá khứ thì ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 3

+ Trong câu có các liên từ nếu phủ định rồi thi khi viết cấu trúc if ta bỏ “not” và ngược lại

+ Xuất hiện từ because ở vế nào ta thay thế bằng từ “if” ở vế đó.

+ Nếu xuất hiện các từ như: so hoặc that’s why thì ta để từ “if” ở vế còn lại trong câu.

Một số ví dụ minh họa

E.g: I did not buy that because it was not discounted.

→ If it had discounted, I would have bought.

E.g: She doesn’t like spicy food, so she doesn’t eat any food at the party.

→ If she liked spicy food, she would eat any food at the party.

3. Dạng viết câu điều kiện đối (từ if sang unless và ngược lại)

Cách làm khá đơn giản bởi vì bạn chỉ cần hiểu rõ là if … not = unless là được.

E.g: If I did not like singing, I would not join this club.

→ Unless I liked singing, I would not join this club.

E.g: If he doesn’t apologize to me, I won’t be on his team.

→ Unless he apologizes to me, I won’t be on his team.

4. Dạng viết lại câu từ cấu trúc có “without” sang cấu trúc có “if”

Tương tự như Unless thì without cũng mang nghĩa là nếu không thì, vì thế mà ta cũng dùng if… not để làm.

E.g: Without advice from you, I have failed this project.

→ If you didn’t give me advice, I have failed this project.

E.g: Without the air, every creature on earth will be extinct.

→ If there is no air, every creature on earth will be extinct.

5. Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có Or, otherwise sang câu điều kiện if

Cấu trúc dạng này thường là: Câu mệnh lệnh yêu cầu + or/ otherwise + S + will …

Cách làm dạng này thường sẽ bắt đầu bằng “If you don’t” và bỏ các từ or/otherwise ra khỏi câu.

E.g: Listen, or you won’t follow the teacher’s lecture( Lắng nghe nào, hoặc là bạn sẽ không theo kịp bài giảng của giáo viên)

→ If you don’t listen, you won’t follow the teacher’s lecture. (Nếu bạn không lắng nghe thì bạn sẽ không theo kịp bài giảng của giáo viên)

6. Dạng viết lại câu mà đổi từ cấu trúc “But for” sang câu điều kiện if

Cách làm dạng này ta chỉ cần sử dụng “if it weren’t for” mà thay thế cho từ “but for” ở trong câu, còn những từ còn lại ta giữ nguyên không đổi.

E.g: But for your car, I would be late for the meeting.

→ If it weren’t for your car, I would be late for the meeting.

Ngoài ra đôi khi còn có các dạng câu điều kiện ám chỉ:

Provided (that), providing (that) mang nghĩa miễn là cũng bằng với “if”

In case: mang nghĩa là phòng khi.

III. Cách viết lại câu điều kiện

Cách nhận dạng: dựa vào các liên từ nối giữa 2 vế câu như: so, that’s why, because.

Những mẹo làm bài nhanh trong trường không hiểu nghĩa hoàn toàn:

• Nếu cả 2 vế trong câu sử dụng liên từ đều chia ở thì tương lai đơn thì ta dùng cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại 1 (chú ý không cần phủ định mệnh đề trong câu)
• Nếu một vế thì hiện tại còn một vế ở thì tương lai hoặc hiện tại thì ta vẫn sử dung if loại 2 (chú ý lúc này ta cần phủ định lại mệnh đề trong câu)
• Nếu 2 vế có một thì quá khứ thì ta dùng câu điều kiện loại 3
• Trong câu có các liên từ nếu phủ định rồi thi khi viết cấu trúc if ta bỏ “not” và ngược lại
• Xuất hiện từ because ở vế nào ta thay thế bằng từ “if” ở vế đó.
• Nếu xuất hiện các từ như: so hoặc that’s why thì ta để từ “if” ở vế còn lại trong câu.

Một số ví dụ minh họa

E.g: I did not buy that because it was not discounted.

→ If it had discounted, I would have bought.

E.g: She doesn’t like spicy food, so she doesn’t eat any food at the party.

→ If she liked spicy food, she would eat any food at the party.

IV. Cách để vị trí từ “will/would” sao cho phù hợp nhất

1. “Will” đứng ngay sau if

Rất hiếm khi gặp trường hợp mà câu điều kiện lại xuất hiện từ will ngay liền kề trong vế if như vậy. Tuy nhiên cũng phòng ngừa một số trường hợp đặc biệt trong các bài thi. Sử dụng “will” trong vế if nhằm nhấn mạnh sự việc không diễn ra trong thực tại mà là ở sau này, về sau.

Ví dụ khi ta so sánh 2 câu điều kiện như sau:

Câu 1: If it’s convenient for you, we will someday travel together.

(Nếu nó thuận tiện với bạn thì chúng ta sẽ chọn một ngày nào đó để đi du lịch cùng nhau)

Câu 2: If it will be convenient for you, we will someday travel together.

(Nếu bạn thấy thuận tiện thì chúng ta sẽ chọn một ngày nào đó để đi du lịch cùng nhau)

→ Mặc dù dịch nghĩa thuần ta cảm thấy nó không khác gì nhau, tuy nhiên thực chất ở câu 2 người nói đang hàm ý không phải là bây giờ mà là sau này mới tính đến chuyện đi du lịch.

2. “Will/ would” đứng ngay sau if

→ Thể hiện sự bằng lòng chấp thuận hoặc không vừa ý của người nói.

+ Khi mong muốn được giúp đỡ, thực hiện lời nhờ vả của người khác.

Ví dụ 1:

Câu hỏi: Do you want me to turn off the air conditioner in your room?

(Bạn có muốn tôi tắt máy lạnh trong phòng cho bạn không?)

Trả lời: Yes, if you will/ would (vâng, xin anh vui lòng)

Ví dụ 2: If you will/ would wait in the lobby, I will inform my boss.

(Bạn vui lòng đợi ở sảnh, tôi sẽ đi thông báo với sếp của mình)

+ Khi đề cập đến một ai khác

Ví dụ: If she will/would/could only study hard, I am sure she’d pass this exam.

(Nếu cô ấy chịu cố gắng học tập hơn nữa, tôi chắc chắn rằng cô ta sẽ đậu kì thi.)

+ Trong các bài viết trang trọng, lịch sự, nhã nhặn

Ví dụ: I’d feel very happy, if you will/would take me to the airport now.

(Tôi sẽ cảm thấy rất là hạnh phúc, nếu anh vui lòng đưa tôi đến sân bay ngay bây giờ)

+ Trong những câu giao tiếp hàng ngày thể hiện cảm xúc bằng lòng, thuận ý hoặc trái ý lẫn nhau

Ví dụ: If you accept this term, we will/would sign this contract agreement.

(Nếu bạn chấp nhận điều khoản này, chúng tôi bằng lòng ký kết thỏa thuận hợp đồng này.)

V. Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện

I. Complete each of the following sentences so that it means the same as the sentence before 

1. She doesn’t live in London because she doesn’t know anyone there

→ She’d ……………………………………………………………….

2. I can’t live in the country because I can’t find a job there

→ I’d ………………………………………………………………..

3. I don’t have a spare ticket. I can’t take you to the concert

→ If I …………………………………………………………………

4. The schoolchildren sowed some seeds, but they forgot to water them so they didn’t grow.

→ If the children ………………………………………………………..

5. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find a solution

→ If they …………………………………………………………….

6. He sits around too much. He isn’t fit.

→ If he ………………………………………………………………

7. Carol didn’t answer the phone because she was studying..

→ If Carol ……………………………………………………

8. Rita is exhausted today because she didn’t get any sleep last night.

→ If Rita ………………………………………………………

9. She’s very thin; perhaps that’s why she feels cold so much.

→ If she …………………………………………………….

10. He never polishes his shoes, so he never looks smart

→ If he ……………………………………………………..

11. He can’t park near his office; that’s why he doesn’t come by car

→ If he ……………………………………………………..

12. My house is guarded by two big dogs. That’s the only reason it isn’t broken into every night

→ If my house …………………………………………………………

13. The flats are not clearly numbered, so it is very difficult to find anyone.

→ If the flats …..………………………………………………………..

14. I don’t know her e-mail address, so I can’t tell you

→ If I …………………………………………………………………….

15. She works in the evening. She has no time to play with her children

→ If she ………………………………………………………………….

16. I don’t want them to be upset, so I’ve decided not to tell them what happened.

→ They ……………………………………………………………..

17. I am not tall enough to join the basketball team

→ If I ……………………………………………………………………

18. He doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop his car

→ If he ………………………………………………………………….

19. Peter gets bad marks because he doesn’t prepare his lessons well

→ If Peter ………………………………………………………………

20. Mary doesn’t have enough money. She can’t buy a new car.

→ If Mary ………………………………………………………………

21. Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.

→ If you………………………………………………………………….

22. He doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have enough qualifications.

→ If he ………………………………………………………………….

23. Hurry up, or we will be late for the exam.

→ If we …………………………………………………………………

24. They do not understand you because you do not often talk to them.

→ If you …………………………………………………………………

25. Because you speak English unnaturally, they do not understand you.

→ If you …………………………………………………………………

ĐÁP ÁN

1. She’d live in London if she knew someone there.

2. I’d live in the country if I could find a job there.

3. If I had a spare ticket, I’d take you to the concert.

4. If the schoolchildren watered some seeds, they would grow.

5. If they understood the problem, they’d find the solution.

6. If he didn’t sit around too much, he’d be fit.

7. If Carol hadn’t been studying, she’d have answered the phone.

8. If Rita had got some sleep last night, she wouldn’t be exhausted today.

9. If she weren’t/wasn’t too thin, she wouldn’t feel cold so much.

10. If he polished his shoes, he’d look smart.

11. If he could park near his office, he’d come by car.

12. If my house were/was guarded by two big dogs, it’d be broken into every night.

13. If the flats were clearly numbered, it’d be easy/wouldn’t be difficult to find someone/anyone.

14. If I knew her e-mail address, I could tell you.

15. If she didn’t work in the evening, she’d have time to play with her children.

16. They’d be upset if I told them what happened.

17. If I were/was tall enough, I would join the basketball team.

18. If he saw the signal, he’d stop his car.

19. If Peter prepared his lessons well, he wouldn’t get bad marks/would get good marks.

20. If Mary had enough money, she’d buy a new car.

21. If you don’t go right now, you’ll be late for the train.

22. If he had enough qualifications, he’d apply for the job.

23. If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late for the exam.

24. If you often talked to them, they’d understand you.

If you spoke English naturally, they’d understand you.

II: Chia từ trong ngoặc theo thì hợp lý của từng câu

1. If I meet him, I (tell)______ him to come see you immediately

2. If Julia (repair) ______this old computer, he (use) ______it for another two years.

3. If I were you, I (go)______ to that seminar for more expertise.

4. You (do)______ everything more perfectly if you listen to what I say.

5. If he (win) _______ the contest this time, he (be)______ very rich…

6. If she (work)______ lazily, she would be fired.

7. If Jenny (have)______ more time, she will complete the entry very much better.

8. If it (rain)______ heavily, everyone has to postpone flight to Tokyo.

9. If I (know)______ that you felt tired, I (come) ______ to drive you.

10. If Jack (clean) ______ his house clean, he will be rewarded with candy from his mother.

11. If I (have)______ a wish, I would wish I had lots of money.

12. If he (love)______ me, he (do) _______ anything to conquer me.

13. If I see where your watch is, I (notify)______ you immediately.

14. If she (win) ______ that test, she (have)______ a good car.

15. If I (agree)______ to go to the party last night, I (meet) _______ my former boss.

16. I (prepare) ______ everything perfect for the party if you (pay) ______ me high rent.

17. My family (go) _______ to the resort if the weather hadn’t been so bad today.

18. If you (give) _______ me a reasonable discount, I (buy) ______ these goods in bulk.

19. Lisa (feel) ______ very happy if her boyfriend (show) ______ up suddenly at the party.

20. If you (send) _______ an invitation to them, they would not come to this party.

21. If John (speak) ______Chinese well, he (have) ______ the opportunity to attend a meeting with the Chinese partner.

22. He would never have known this secret if his mother (not reveal) ______ it so soon.

23. Rose will be left behind in her travels if she (continue) ______to rest like this.

24. If you (lend) ______ me money, I’ll buy a new phone for work.

25. You will be honored to contribute to the completion of this project if you (put) ______ effort into it.

26. Mary (visit) ______ her hometown in March if she (not have) ______ any unexpected work.

27. If I (be) ______ you, I (not accept) ______ becoming his subordinate.

28. If you (not help) ______ me with this project, I (not be) ______ able to finish it so well.

29. He will be fined if he (continue) ______ to answer the phone while driving.

30. You (feel) ______more excited if you (join) ______ this concert.

Đáp án

1. If I meet him, I will tell him to come see you immediately

2. If Julia had repaired this old computer, he could have used it for another two years.

3. If I were you, I would go to that seminar for more expertise.

4. You can do everything more perfectly if you listen to what I say.

5. If he wins the contest this time, he will be very rich…

6. If she worked lazily, she would be fired.

7. If Jenny has more time, she will complete the entry very much better.

8. If it rains heavily, everyone has to postpone flight to Tokyo.

9. If I had known that you felt tired, I would have come to drive you.

10. If Jack cleans his house clean, he will be rewarded with candy from his mother.

11. If I had a wish, I would wish I had lots of money.

12. If he loves me, he will do anything to conquer me.

13. If I see where your watch is, I will notify you immediately.

14. If she had won that test, she would have a good car.

15. If I had agreed to go to the party last night, I would have met my former boss.

16. I will prepare everything perfect for the party if you pay me high rent.

17. My family would have gone to the resort if the weather hadn’t been so bad today.

18. If you give me a reasonable discount, I will buy these goods in bulk.

19. Lisa would feel very happy if her boyfriend showed up suddenly at the party.

20. If you did not send an invitation to them, they would not come to this party.

21. If John speaks Chinese well, he will have the opportunity to attend a meeting with the Chinese partner.

22. He would never have known this secret if his mother had not revealed it so soon.

23. Rose will be left behind in her travels if she continues to rest like this.

24. If you lend me money, I’ll buy a new phone for work.

25. You will be honored to contribute to the completion of this project if you put effort into it.

26. Mary will visit her hometown in March if she does not have any unexpected work.

27. If I were you, I would not accept becoming his subordinate.

28. If you didn’t help me with this project, I wouldn’t be able to finish it so well.

29. He will be fined if he continues to answer the phone while driving.

30. You will feel more excited if you join this concert.

III. Viết lại các câu sau theo cấu trúc câu điều kiện

1. She cannot cook because she feels very tired today.

2. He was so timid in love, so he lost her.

3. Jane helps me survey the market, so I plan to share a commission with her.

4. You cannot understand me because you are a rich man.

5. Tim drinks too much alcohol every day, that’s why he is hospitalized for treatment.

6. Kate likes K-pop music, so she spends the money to buy tickets for the concert.

7. He has many beloved girls, that’s why he becomes so arrogant.

8. My health improves better because I exercise daily.

9. I didn’t eat dinner with everyone, so I feel very hungry now.

10. He got fired because he was too lazy.

11. Stay away from this place or I’ll report the area’s security.

12. You always complain about everything that happens in your life, that’s why I never want to work in a team with you.

13. Follow the instructions or you will ruin everything.

14. People will not go camping in this stormy weather.

15. I love art, that’s why I organized this exhibition.

Đáp án:

1. If she didn’t feel very tired today, she could cook.

2. If he hadn’t been so timid in love, he wouldn’t lose her.

3. If Jane didn’t help me survey the market, I wouldn’t plan to share a commission with her.

4. If you weren’t a rich man, you could understand me.

5. If Tim didn’t drink too much alcohol every day, he wouldn’t be hospitalized for treatment.

6. If Kate didn’t like K-pop music, she wouldn’t spend the money to buy tickets for the concert.

7. If he hadn’t many beloved girls, he wouldn’t become so arrogant.

8. If I didn’t exercise daily, I wouldn’t improve my health better.

9. If I had eaten dinner with everyone, I wouldn’t feel very hungry now.

10. If he hadn’t been too lazy, he wouldn’t have gotten fired.

11. If you stayed away from this place, I wouldn’t report the area’s security.

12. If you didn’t complain about everything that happened in your life, I would work in a team with you.

13. If you didn’t follow the instructions, you would ruin everything.

14. If it weren’t stormy, people would go camping.

15. If I didn’t love art, I wouldn’t organize this exhibition.

Bài tập IV: Choose the correct answer

1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.

A. hadn’t

B. hadn’t been

C. wouldn’t be

D. wasn’t

2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.

A. wouldn’t have been

B. would have been

C. wouldn’t be

D. would be

3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.

A. were asked

B. would ask

C. had been asked

D. asked

4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.

A. she has done

B. she had done

C. she does

D. she did

5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?

A. stole

B. have stolen

C. were to steal

D. steal

6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.

A. would have been / hadn’t lied

B. would be / didn’t lie

C. will be / don’t lie

D. would be / hadn’t lied

7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.

A. would invest

B. invested

C. had invested

D. invests

8. She wouldn’t have given them all that money if we _____ her to.

A. wouldn’t advise

B. won’t advise

C. hadn’t advised

D. didn’t advise

9. If the tree hadn’t been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.

A. could have climbed

B. climb

C. is climbing

D. climbed

10. If the wall weren’t so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.

A. climbed

B. could climb

C. is climbing

D. climb

ĐÁP ÁN

1B; 2A; 3A; 4B; 5D; 6A; 7B; 8C; 9A; 10B

Bài V.

1. If she knew someone in London, she would live there.

2. If I had a spare ticket, I could take you to the concert.

3. If the children water the seeds, they will grow.

4. If they understand the problem, they will find a solution.

5. If Carol hadn’t been studying, she would have answered the phone.

6. If Kathy had gotten some sleep last night, she wouldn’t be exhausted today.

7. If he could park near his office, he would come by car.

8. If the flats are clearly numbered, it would not be difficult to find any one

9. If I knew her email address , I would tell you.

10. If she didn’t work in the evening, she would have time to play with her children.

ĐÁP ÁN 

1. tell;

2. don’t change

3. wouldn’t have bought

4. hung;

5. would be

6. would have brought

7. would have been

8. wouldn’t have printed

9. wouldn’t buy

10. would drive

Bài 6: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi

1. She feels lonely because she is an only child.

→ If …………………………………………………….

2. Tim drinks too much alcohol every day, that’s why he has a lot of stomach problems.

→ If …………………………………………………….

3. I didn’t have breakfast, so I am hungry now.

→ If …………………………………………………….

4. The weather won’t rain. We will go camping.

→ If …………………………………………………….

5. She loses weight quickly because she does exercise regularly.

→ If …………………………………………………….

6. Jane didn’t help me, so I didn’t respect her a lot.

→ If …………………………………………………….

7. Hurry up, or you will miss the train.

→ If …………………………………………………….

8. He will go out with his friends. He will pass the exam.

→ If …………………………………………………….

9. Without your help, I couldn’t find the way to school.

→ If …………………………………………………….

10. But for her busyness, she would come to the class.

→ If …………………………………………………….

11. Shut up, otherwise, you can’t follow the lesson.

→ If …………………………………………………….

12. But for the rain, we would have a good picnic.

→ If …………………………………………………….

13. Unless he apologizes to me, I won’t talk to him.

→ If …………………………………………………….

14. She wasn’t sick. She couldn’t take part in the activity.

→ If …………………………………………………….

15. She doesn’t like spicy food, so she doesn’t eat any food at the party.

→ If …………………………………………………….

Đáp án

1. If she weren’t an only child, she wouldn’t feel lonely.

2. If Tim didn’t drink too much alcohol, he wouldn’t have a lot of stomach problems.

3. If I had had breakfast, I wouldn’t be hungry now.

4. If the weather rains, we won’t go camping.

5. If she did exercise regularly, she would lose weight quickly.

6. If Jane had helped me, I would have respected him a lot.

7. If you don’t hurry, you will miss the train.

8. If he passes the exam, he will go out with his friends.

9. If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t find the way to school.

10. If it weren’t for her busyness, she would come to the class.

11. If you don’t shut, you can’t follow the lesson.

12. If it weren’t for the rain, we would have a good picnic.

13. If he doesn’t apologize to me, I won’t talk to him.

14. If she had been sick, she couldn’t have taken part in the activity.

15. If she likes spicy food, she would eat some food at the party.

Exercise 7. Đảo ngữ mệnh đề if loại 1, 2 và 3

1. If she feels tired, please let us know right away.

2. If you are busy then, I’ll take care of that.

3. If I were you, I would never talk to my parents like that.

4. If we had more money, we could buy this house.

5. If he hadn’t cheated, she wouldn’t have broken up with him.

6. If our daughter had been more hard-working, she could have got into that university.

7. If our son hadn’t gone to bed late last night, he wouldn’t be sleepy now.

8. If the kids had cleaned the house this morning, we wouldn’t have to do this now.

9. If that guy were friendlier, he could have made a lot of friends at the party last night.

10. If I were you, I would have taken the job.

Đáp án:

1. Should she feel tired, please let us know right away.

2. Should you be busy then, I’ll take care of that.

3. Were I you, I would never talk to my parents like that.

4. Were we to have more money, we could buy this house.

5. Had he not cheated, she wouldn’t have broken up with him.

6. Had our daughter been more hard-working, she could have got into that university.

7. Had our son not gone to bed late last night, he wouldn’t be sleepy now.

8. Had the kids cleaned the house this morning, we wouldn’t have to do this now.

9. Were that guy friendlier, he could have made a lot of friends at the party last night.

10. Were I you, I would have taken the job.

Exercise 8. Viết lại hai câu đơn thành câu điều kiện

1. I have an allergy to fish. I can’t eat them.

2. I forgot to cook dinner. My parents are upset now.

3. It rained yesterday. We couldn’t go out.

4. I worked hard this afternoon. I’m very tired now.

5. Our neighbors sing karaoke every night. We can’t sleep.

Đáp án:

1. If I didn’t have an allergy to fish, I could eat them.

2. If I hadn’t forgotten to cook dinner, my parents wouldn’t be upset now.

3. If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we could have gone out.

4. If I hadn’t worked hard this afternoon, I wouldn’t be very tired now.

5. If our neighbors didn’t sing karaoke every night, we could sleep.

Exercise 9. Viết lại câu phức với ‘so’, ‘because’, v.v. thành câu điều kiện

1. She didn’t work hard, so she lost her job.

2. He is sick because he got caught in the rain last night.

3. She broke her leg yesterday, and that’s why she’s absent today.

4. Since they don’t like each other, they don’t work together.

5. I can’t go to your party today as I need to take care of my son.

Đáp án:

1. If she had worked hard, she wouldn’t have lost her job.

2. He wouldn’t be sick if he hadn’t got caught in the rain last night.

3. If she hadn’t broken her leg yesterday, she wouldn’t be absent today.

4. If they liked each other, they would work together.

5. I could go to your party today if I didn’t need to take care of my son.

VI. Bài tập viết lại câu điều kiện loại I

1. We’ll have a nap after lunch. We’ll be sleepy.

We’ll have a nap after lunch if we ……………………. sleepy.

2. I won’t know his phone number. I won’t be able to give him a ring.

If I …………………………… his phone number, I won’t be able to give him a ring.

3. John will be at work. He won’t go with us.

As long as John ………………… at work, he won’t go with us.

4. He won’t like the monitor. He can send it back to the shop.

Provided that he …………………. the monitor, he can send it back to the shop.

5. We won’t help you. We won’t have enough time.

We won’t help you if we …………………. enough time.

6. You will choose some other hotel. You won’t be happy about it.

You will choose some other hotel unless you …………….. happy about it.

7. Take up this course. You will like it.

If you …………………….. this course, you will like it.

8. Don’t tell your parents. They will be surprised.

Unless you ……………………….. your parents, they will be surprised.

9. You won’t eat anything. You’ll be hungry.

If you …………………………. anything, you’ll be hungry.

10. We’ll set off tomorrow. The weather will be good.

We’ll set off tomorrow on condition that the weather ………………….. good.

Đáp án:

1. We’ll have a nap after lunch if we are sleepy.

2. If I don’t know his phone number, I won’t be able to give him a ring.

3. As long as John is at work, he won’t go with us.

4. Provided that he doesn’t like the monitor, he can send it back to the shop.

5. We won’t help you if we don’t have enough time.

6. You will choose some other hotel unless you are happy about it.

7. If you take up this course, you will like it.

8. Unless you tell your parents, they will be surprised.

9. If you don’t eat anything, you’ll be hungry.

10. We’ll set off tomorrow on condition that the weather is good .

VII. Bài tập tự luyện về câu điều kiện

Exercise 1. Tìm lỗi sai và sửa.

1. If there was a ban on cigarette, less people would smoke cigarette.

2. If the tax rate on junk food had increased, people would likely to prefer making food at home.

3. If schools administered with any teachers, disorder would arise.

4. If uncensored commercials had been banned, the crime rate would be seized from rising.

5. If computers replaced teachers in the classroom, learning would have been less effective.

Exercise 2. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. If they had gone for a walk, they ……………………. the lights off.

A. had turned

B. would have turn

C. would turn

D. would have turned

2. Would you mind if I ……………………. the window?

A. closed

B. closing

C. had closed

D. would close

3. If you had tried your best, you ……………………. disappointed about the result now.

A. won’t be

B. wouldn’t be

C. wouldn’t have

D. wouldn’t have been

4. If I had enough money, ……………………..

A. I will buy that house.

B. I’d have bought that house.

C. I could buy that house.

D. I can buy that house.

5. I didn’t listen to him and I didn’t succeed.

A. If I listened to him, I would have succeeded.

B. If I had listened to him, I’d have succeeded.

C. If I had listened to him, I would succeed.

D. If I listened to him, I would succeed.

Exercise 3. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. ……………………., he would not have had the accident yesterday.

A. If Peter driven more carefully

B. If had Peter driven more carefully

C. Had Peter driven more carefully

D. If Peter not had driven more carefully

2. ……………………. I rich, I would help you.

A. Were

B. Was

C. Am

D. Been

3.……………………. you run into Peter, tell him to call me.

A. Are

B. Should

C. Been

D. Will

4. Had I known her, I……………………. friend with her.

A. make

B. would make

C. will make

D. would have made

5. Were I……………………. learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.

A. to

B. for

C. in

D. with

Exercise 4. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. I’ll help you if ……………………..

A. you told me the truth.

B. you tell me the truth.

C. you will tell me the truth

D. you have told me the truth.

2. I have to work tomorrow morning, so I can’t meet you.

A. If I don’t have to work tomorrow morning, I can meet you.

B. If I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning, I could meet you.

C. I could meet you if I don’t have to work tomorrow morning.

D. I can meet you if I didn’t have to work tomorrow morning.

3. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.

A. If you drank less coffee, you would be able to sleep.

B. You drink much coffee and you can sleep.

C. You wouldn’t sleep well if you hadn’t drink any coffee.

D. You can sleep better without coffee.

5. If I had time, I ……………………. shopping with you.

A. went

B. will go

C. would go

D. would have gone

6. If my father ……………………. me up, I’ll take the bus home.

A. doesn’t pick

B. don’t pick

C. not pick

D. picks

Exercise 5: Make conditional sentences:

1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up.

→ If you don’t keep silent, you will wake the baby up.

2. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.

→ If………………………………………..….…….

3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.

→If………………………………………..….……..

4. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.

→ If …………………………………………….………..

5. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.

→ If …………………………………….……..…….……

6. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.

→……………………………………………..……

8. He lost his job because he was late every day.

→………………………………………………………

9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.

→…………………………………………………………..

10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.

→………………………………..…..

Exercise 6. Rewrite the following sentences:

1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.

=> If…………………………………………………..

2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.

If…………………………………………………………

3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.

=> If…………………………………………………………….

4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.

=> If……………………………………………………………..

5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.

=> If……………………………………………………………..

6. I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month.

=> If……………………………………………………………..

7. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy

=> If……………………………………………………………….

8. We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change.
=> If………………………………………………………………..

9. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.

=> If…………………………………………………………………..

10. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.

=> If……………………………………………………………………..

11. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.

=> If I…………..………………………………….

12. I only come if they invite me.

=> unless……………………………………………….

13. He didn’t revise all his lessons, he failed the exam.

=> If he………………………………………………………..

14. The park is over there, only 5 minutes’ walk.

=> If you walk……………………………………………….

15. Leave me alone or I’ll call the police.

=>Unless……………………………………………………………………………………

16. If you arrive at the office earlier than I do, please turn on the air-conditioner.

=> Should……………………………………………………………………………….

17. The children don’t go to school in the snowy weather.

=> If it ………………………………………………………………………………

18. He died so young; otherwise, he would be a famous musician by now.

=>Had ………………………………………………………………………………

19. You must tell me the whole truth or I won’t help you.

=> Unless………………………………………………………………………

20. The car breaks down so often because you don’t take good care of it.

=> Were I………………………………………………………………………

21. He is very bad-tempered, that’s why his wife left him soon after marriage.

=> If he………………………………………………………………………

22. Don’t tell lies to your boss or you’ll be fired at once.

=> If……………………………………………………………………………

23. She got married at such an early age: otherwise, she would be at university now.

=> Had ………………………………………………………………………