Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past perfect continuous) được dùng để diễn tả quá trình xảy ra một hành động bắt đầu trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
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Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I. Định nghĩa
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Past perfect continuous) được dùng để diễn tả quá trình xảy ra một hành động bắt đầu trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
II. Cách dùng
| Cách dùng | Ví dụ |
| Diễn đạt một hành động đang xảy ra trước một hành động trong quá khứ (nhấn mạnh tính tiếp diễn) |
– I had been thinking about that before you mentioned it. |
| Diễn đạt hành động là nguyên nhân của một điều gì đó trong quá khứ. |
– Sam gained weight because he had been overeating. – Betty fail the final test because she hadn’t been attending class. |
III. Công thức
| Câu khẳng định | Câu phủ định | Câu nghi vấn |
|
S + had + been + V-ing + O Ví dụ: – It had been raining very hard for two hours before it stopped. – They had been working very hard before we came. |
S + had NOT + been + V-ing + O CHÚ Ý: – hadn’t = had not Ví dụ: – My father hadn’t been doing anything when my mother came home. – They hadn’t been talking to each other when we saw them. |
Had + S + been + V-ing + O? Trả lời: Yes, S + had./ No, S + hadn’t. Ví dụ: – Had they been waiting for me when you met them? Yes, they had./ No, they hadn’t. – Had she been watching TV for 4 hours before she went to eat dinner? Yes, she had./ No, she hadn’t. |
IV. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Đối với thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn, ở trong thành phần câu sẽ có các từ dùng để nhận biết như sau:
- Until then: Cho đến lúc đó
- By the time: Đến lúc
- Prior to that time: Thời điểm trước đó
- Before, after: Trước, sau
V. Bài tập vận dụng
Bài tập thực hành
Bài tập 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ.
1. When I arrived, he (wait) …………………………… for me. He was very angry with me.
2. We (run) ……………………………along the street for about 60 minutes when a motorbike suddenly stopped right in front of us
3. Yesterday, my brother said he (stop) ……………………………smoking for three months.
4. Someone (paint) …………………………… the room because the smell of the paint was very strong when I got into the room.
5. They (talk) ………………………..… on the mobilephone when the rain poured down.
6. The woman (pay) ………………………….. for her new car in cash.
7. I (have) ………………………………….lunch by the time the others came into the restaurant.
8. It (rain) ……………………….. for three days before the storm came yesterday.
Bài tập 2: Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc
1. I was very tired when I arrived home. (I/work/hard all day) I’d been working hard all day.
2. The two boys came into the house. They had a badminton and they were both very tired. (they/play/badminton) ……………….
3. He was disappointed when he had to cancel his holiday. (He/look/forward to it) ……………….
4. John woke up in the middle of the night. He was frightened and didn’t know where he was. (He/dream) ……………….
5. When I got home, Wick was sitting in front of the TC. She had just turned it off. (she/watch/a film) ……………….
Bài 3: Hoàn thành câu
1. I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him. After 15 minutes I suddenly realized that I was in the wrong restaurant.
=> I …. for 15 minutes when I … the wrong restaurant.
2. Tom got a job in a factory. two years later the factory closed down.
=> At the time the factory … , Tom … there for two years.
3. I went to a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about five minutes a man in the audience suddenly started shouting.
=> The orchestra … when ……
Bài 4: Put in the correct verb form of the past tense.
1. When I arrived, Ann ……………….…. (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I and she ………………………(wait) for a very long time.
2. We ……………………… (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped and the driver gave us a lift.
3. When I saw Ben last week, he said he …………………………… (stop) smoking, but when I saw him 2 days later, he ………………………. (smoke) a cigarette.
4. Lucy went to the living room. It was empty but the television still warm. Someone …………………… (watch) it.
5. I ……………… (play) tennis so I had a shower. I was annoyed because I …………………… (not win) a single game.
6. They ………………………..… (talk) in the park when storm broke.
7. The man ………………………….. (pay) for his new car in cash.
8. I …………………………………. (already/eat) breakfast by the time the others woke up.
9. It ……………………….. (snow) for three days when suddenly the sun came out.
10. Sam …………………………… (work) here for six years before he left to go to university.
11. Liz…………………………… (go) to the Bahamas for her holidays last year.
12. We ………………………….. (watch) a film on TV when our guests arrived.
13. They …………………… (already/see) the film twice at the cinema when she rented it on video.
14. The teacher ……………………. (teach) the children a song yesterday.
15. He ……………………………. (sit) on the train at this time yesterday morning.
Đáp án
Bài 1: Chia dạng đúng của động từ:
– had been waiting
– had been running
– had been stopping
– had been painting
– had been talking
– had been paying
– had been having
– had been raining
Bài 2: Cho dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc:
2. They’d been playing badminton
3. He’d been looking forward to it
4. He’d been dreaming
5. She’d been watching a film
Bài 3:
1. I’d been waiting for 15 minutes when I relised that I was in the wrong restaurant
2. At the same time the factory closed down, Tom had been working there for two years
3. The orchestra had been playing for about five minutes when a man in the audience started shouting
